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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Postgres-XL vs. TypeDB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Postgres-XL vs. TypeDB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Relational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.postgres-xl.orgtypedb.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationtypedb.com/­docsvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleVaticleOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release201320172014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB20162005
Current release6.2.28, November 202010 R1, October 20182.26.3, January 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availablecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infodistributed, parallel query executionnoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynouser defined functionsnoyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnonoyesnoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infoby using Cassandrahorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication infoby using CassandraMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperno infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infosubstituted by the relationship featureyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoMVCCACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progressfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgres-XLTypeDB infoformerly named GraknVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgres-XLTypeDB infoformerly named GraknVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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