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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Lovefield

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefield
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.md
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleGoogle
Initial release2013201720012014
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.7.2, June 20232.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJavaScript
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder pattern
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoJava, SQLno
TriggersnonoyesUsing read-only observers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBLovefield
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