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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HEAVY.AI vs. LMDB vs. OrigoDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HEAVY.AI vs. LMDB vs. OrigoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrigoDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA fully ACID in-memory object graph database
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score1.77
Rank#141  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#53  Document stores
#20  Object oriented DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
www.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdborigodb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.heavy.aiwww.lmdb.tech/­docorigodb.com/­docs
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleHEAVY.AI, Inc.SymasRobert Friberg et al
Initial release20132017201620112009 infounder the name LiveDB
Current release6.2.28, November 20205.10, January 20220.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen SourceOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++ and CUDACC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesUser defined using .NET types and collections
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infocan be achieved using .NET
Secondary indexesnoyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
.NET Client API
HTTP API
LINQ
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynononoyes
Triggersnonononoyes infoDomain Events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoRound robinnonehorizontal partitioning infoclient side managed; servers are not synchronized
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonodepending on model
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoWrite ahead log
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoRole based authorization

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More resources
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022LMDBOrigoDB
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