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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Graphite vs. Hypertable

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Graphite vs. Hypertable

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSWide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-web
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationgraphite.readthedocs.io
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleOntotextChris DavisHypertable Inc.
Initial release20132017200020062009
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 20230.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaPythonC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesNumeric data onlyno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnorestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scans
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HTTP API
Sockets
C++ API
Thrift
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynono
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationnoneselectable replication factor on file system level
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infolockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nono
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMGraphiteHypertable
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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