DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Postgres-XL vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Postgres-XL vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Document store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	3.05
Rank	#97	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#16	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	2.66
Rank	#107	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

www.postgres-xl.org

rethinkdb.com

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

rethinkdb.com/docs

Developer

FoundationDB

Google

Oracle

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Initial release

2013

2008

2011

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2009

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

24.1, May 2024

10 R1, October 2018

2.4.1, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
macOS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes, details here

optional

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like query language (GQL)

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

using Google App Engine

user defined functions

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

range based

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

with Hadoop integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

MVCC

Atomic single-document operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

users and table-level permissions

More information provided by the system vendor

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

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