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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. GraphDB vs. Graphite vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. GraphDB vs. Graphite vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score60.38
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigquerywww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webtypedb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationgraphite.readthedocs.iotypedb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleOntotextChris DavisVaticle
Initial release20132010200020062016
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 20232.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaPythonJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnonoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnono
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HTTP API
Sockets
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynono
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoConstraint checkingnono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying dataACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infolockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.noyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGoogle BigQueryGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMGraphiteTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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