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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#131  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgeode.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.marklogic.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgeode.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.marklogic.com
DeveloperFoundationDBOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.GoogleMarkLogic Corp.
Initial release2013200220172001
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.1, February 201711.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (OQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92
APIs and other access methodsJava Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScript
Triggersnoyes infoCache Event Listenersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodeACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights per client and object definableAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

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More resources
FoundationDBGeodeGoogle Cloud SpannerMarkLogic
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