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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. H2 vs. Linter vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. H2 vs. Linter vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.RDBMS for high security requirementsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.gbase.cnwww.h2database.comlinter.ruazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperFoundationDBGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.Thomas Muellerrelex.ruMicrosoft
Initial release20132004200519902019
Current release6.2.28, November 2020GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, PythonJavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMAIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyStandard with numerous extensionsyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#JavaC
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
FoundationDBGBaseH2LinterMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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