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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.gbase.cnwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbquestdb.io
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbquestdb.io/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.OntotextMicrosoftQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release20132004200020142014
Current release6.2.28, November 2020GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c10.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, PythonJavaJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyStandard with numerous extensionsstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query languageSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJavaScriptno
TriggersnoyesnoJavaScriptno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyes infoConstraint checkingnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights can be defined down to the item level
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGBaseGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBQuestDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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More resources
FoundationDBGBaseGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBQuestDB
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