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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 warehouse

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 warehouse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBCloud-based data warehousing service
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score1.30
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.gbase.cncloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehouse
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperFoundationDBGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.GoogleIBM
Initial release20132004201720012014
Current release6.2.28, November 2020GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c2.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C, Java, PythonJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyStandard with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsnoJava, SQLPL/SQL, SQL PL
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FoundationDBGBaseGoogle Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB
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