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DBMS > Firebolt vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Firebolt vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebolt  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHighly scalable cloud data warehouse and analytics product infoForked from ClickhouseFully managed big data interactive analytics platformQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.90
Rank#134  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebolt.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qmwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.firebolt.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperFirebolt Analytics Inc.MicrosoftRocket Software, originally Martin PhillipsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2020201919931989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases3.4-1216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infowith some exceptionsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methods.Net
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesGo
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesdepending on storage layeryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FireboltMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenQM infoalso called QMPostgreSQL
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