DBMS > Firebird vs. Lovefield vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Lovefield vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

In-memory key-value store, originally intended for caching

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	20.82
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	19.42
Rank	#32	Overall
	#4	Key-value stores

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.firebirdsql.org

google.github.io/lovefield

www.memcached.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

github.com/memcached/memcached/wiki

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Firebird Foundation

Google

Danga Interactive

originally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournal

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

2014

2003

2019

2004

Current release

5.0.0, January 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

1.6.25, March 2024

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD license

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

Proprietary protocol

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PSQL

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

Repcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallity

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

yes

using SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocol

Azure Active Directory Authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

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Related products and services

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