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DBMS > Firebird vs. InterSystems Caché vs. NebulaGraph vs. Vertica vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. InterSystems Caché vs. NebulaGraph vs. Vertica vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA multi-model DBMS and application serverA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachegithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.vertica.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.intersystems.comdocs.nebula-graph.iovertica.com/­documentationwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperFirebird FoundationInterSystemsVesoft Inc.OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett PackardJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase1997201920052019
Current release5.0.0, January 20242018.1.4, May 202012.0.3, January 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containersno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesdepending on used data modelStrong typed schemaYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query languageFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Java
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLyesuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differencesno
Triggersyesyesyes, called Custom Alertsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardinghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infoBi-directional Spark integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users, groups and rolesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
FirebirdInterSystems CachéNebulaGraphVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™XTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
FirebirdInterSystems CachéNebulaGraphVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™XTDB infoformerly named Crux
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