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DBMS > Firebird vs. Immudb vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Immudb vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Well established RDBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.marklogic.comtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.immudb.iodocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.marklogic.comtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperFirebird FoundationCodenotaryActian CorporationMarkLogic Corp.Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase20201974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20012014
Current release5.0.0, January 20241.2.3, April 202211.2, May 202211.0, December 20222.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++GoCC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like syntaxyesyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLnoyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationIngres Replicatoryesyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FirebirdImmudbIngresMarkLogicTrafodion
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