DBMS > Firebird vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Milvus vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Milvus vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as Hadoop

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	20.82
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	2.60
Rank	#107	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.firebirdsql.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

milvus.io

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

Firebird Foundation

Hypertable Inc.

Microsoft

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

2009

1989

2019

Current release

5.0.0, January 2024

0.9.8.11, March 2016

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.3.4, January 2024

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

Open Source

GNU version 3. Commercial license available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

C++, Go

Server operating systems

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

an inofficial Windows port is available

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only exact value or prefix value scans

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

C++ API
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PSQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor on file system level

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
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Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
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Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.