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DBMS > Firebird vs. HyperSQL vs. Milvus vs. SingleStore vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. HyperSQL vs. Milvus vs. SingleStore vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score5.60
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orghsqldb.orgmilvus.iowww.singlestore.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.singlestore.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFirebird FoundationSingleStore Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2001201920131998
Current release5.0.0, January 20242.7.2, June 20232.3.4, January 20248.5, January 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusSingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities
Implementation languageC and C++JavaC++, GoC++, GoC
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux info64 bit version requiredAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnoyes infobut no triggers and foreign keysyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APICluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLJava, SQLnoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding infohash partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationnoneSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsFine grained access control via users, groups and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FirebirdHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMilvusSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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More resources
FirebirdHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMilvusSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLVirtuoso
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