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DBMS > Firebird vs. HyperSQL vs. Milvus vs. Newts vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. HyperSQL vs. Milvus vs. Newts vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesTime Series DBMS based on CassandraVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orghsqldb.orgmilvus.ioopennms.github.io/­newtsvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdgithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wikidocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFirebird FoundationOpenNMS GroupOpenLink Software
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2001201920141998
Current release5.0.0, January 20242.7.2, June 20232.3.4, January 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC and C++JavaC++, GoJavaC
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnonoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
Java API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLJava, SQLnonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding infobased on Cassandrayes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationnoneselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FirebirdHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMilvusNewtsVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
FirebirdHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMilvusNewtsVirtuoso
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