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DBMS > Firebird vs. GridGain vs. Immudb vs. Linter vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. GridGain vs. Immudb vs. Linter vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGridGain  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseGridGain is an in-memory computing platform, built on Apache IgniteAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.RDBMS for high security requirementsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#154  Overall
#26  Key-value stores
#72  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.gridgain.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
linter.ruazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualswww.gridgain.com/­docs/­index.htmldocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperFirebird FoundationGridGain Systems, Inc.Codenotaryrelex.ruMicrosoft
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2007202019902019
Current release5.0.0, January 2024GridGain 8.5.11.2.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++Java, C++, .NetGoC and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDLSQL-like syntaxyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HDFS API
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLyes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead)noyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesyes (cache interceptors and events)noyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes (replicated cache)Source-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator)nonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptSecurity Hooks for custom implementationsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
FirebirdGridGainImmudbLinterMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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