DBMS > Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HugeGraph vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HugeGraph vs. Tkrzw

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	20.82
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

www.firebirdsql.org

cloud.google.com/spanner

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

Developer

Firebird Foundation

Google

Baidu

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

2017

2018

2020

Current release

5.0.0, January 2024

0.9

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Unix

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Groovy
Java
Python

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PSQL

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Users, roles and permissions

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

12 Top Open Source Databases to Consider
1 May 2024, TechTarget

DoNot Team's New Firebird Backdoor Hits Pakistan and Afghanistan
23 October 2023, The Hacker News

Exploring the Firebird Database
9 August 2023, Open Source For You

Top 15 Databases to Use in 2024 and Beyond
4 June 2021, Appinventiv

EF Core Database Providers
4 January 2019, InfoQ.com

provided by Google News

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

Google Cloud Spanner Is Now Half the Cost of Amazon DynamoDB
13 October 2023, Datanami

provided by Google News

Critical Apache HugeGraph Flaw Let Attackers Execute Remote Code
23 April 2024, GBHackers

provided by Google News

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