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DBMS > Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GridGain vs. Linter vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GridGain vs. Linter vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGridGain  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.GridGain is an in-memory computing platform, built on Apache IgniteRDBMS for high security requirementsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#154  Overall
#26  Key-value stores
#72  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.gridgain.comlinter.ruazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.gridgain.com/­docs/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperFirebird FoundationGoogleGridGain Systems, Inc.relex.ruMicrosoft
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2017200719902019
Current release5.0.0, January 2024GridGain 8.5.1cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++Java, C++, .NetC and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011ANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HDFS API
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLnoyes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead)yes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyes (cache interceptors and events)yesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes (replicated cache)Source-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator)noSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Security Hooks for custom implementationsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
FirebirdGoogle Cloud SpannerGridGainLinterMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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