DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. SQLite vs. TypeDB vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. SQLite vs. TypeDB vs. Vertica vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Score	4.27
Rank	#73	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#39	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.sqlite.org

typedb.com

www.vertica.com

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

typedb.com/docs

vertica.com/documentation

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Vaticle

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2012

2000

2016

2005

1998

Current release

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

2.26.3, January 2024

12.0.3, January 2023

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

server-less

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

by using Cassandra

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Bi-directional Spark integration

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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