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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SurrealDB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SurrealDB vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersurrealdb.comwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorersurrealdb.com/­docsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftSurrealDB LtdTimescale
Initial release2012201920222017
Current releasecloud service with continuous releasesv1.5.0, May 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageRustC
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSurrealDBTimescaleDB
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