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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.High performance Time Series DBMSIn-memory JavaScript DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument storeTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.60
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score7.73
Rank#45  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score0.44
Rank#256  Overall
#40  Document stores
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score4.09
Rank#72  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasekx.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpingcap.com
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecode.kx.comtechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20122000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003201420192016
Current release3.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releases8.2.0, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageqJavaScriptGo, Rust
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language (q)noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
JavaScript APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'user defined functionsView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infowith viewsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesnono infoatomic operations within a single collection possiblenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesrights management via user accountsnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Firebase Realtime DatabaseKdbLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseKdbLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDB
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