DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. Riak KV vs. SpaceTime vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. Riak KV vs. SpaceTime vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Spatial DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	4.10
Rank	#82	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

www.mireo.com/spacetime

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

Mireo

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

2009

2020

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

3.2.0, December 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Erlang

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

C#
C++
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Erlang

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Fixed-grid hypercubes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

selectable replication factor

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between data sets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, using Riak Security

yes

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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