DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. SpaceTime vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. Immudb vs. SpaceTime vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.mireo.com/spacetime

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

Mireo

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

2020

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to go?
8 March 2024, Appinventiv

Don't be like these 900+ websites and expose millions of passwords via Firebase
8 May 2024, MSN

Atos cybersecurity blog: Misconfigured Firebase: A real-time cyber threat
18 January 2024, Atos

Google Firebase may have exposed 125M records from misconfigurations
19 March 2024, SC Media

Misconfigured Firebase instances leaked 19 million plaintext passwords
19 March 2024, BleepingComputer

provided by Google News

Codenotary Releases immudb v1.9DOM
19 October 2023, businesswire.com

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

Codenotary launches cloud version of tamper-proof database
27 June 2023, SC Media

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

provided by Google News

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