this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Search engine

Using distributed Lucene

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	48.20
Rank	#20	Overall
	#14	Relational DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#195	Overall
	#29	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#53	Document stores
	#20	Object oriented DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.claris.com/filemaker

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.alachisoft.com/ncache

origodb.com

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

www.claris.com/resources/documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.alachisoft.com/resources/docs

origodb.com/docs

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Claris

a subsidiary of Apple

Microsoft

Alachisoft

Robert Friberg et al

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1983

2019

2005

2009

under the name LiveDB

2014

Current release

19.4.1, November 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

5.3.3, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Enterprise Edition available

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C#, .NET, .NET Core, Java

Server operating systems

iOS

client part only
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

partial

Supported data types are Lists, Queues, Hashsets, Dictionary and Counter

User defined using .NET types and collections

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

A http query request can return the data in XML format

yes

can be achieved using .NET

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

via plugins

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like query syntax and LINQ for searching the cache. Cache Synchronization with SQL Server using SQL dependency.

yes

APIs and other access methods

Filemaker WebDirect
JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

IDistributedCache
JCache
LINQ
Proprietary native API

.NET Client API
HTTP API
LINQ

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

PHP

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
.Net Core
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

.Net

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

support for stored procedures with SQL-Server CLR

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Notifications

yes

Domain Events

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

horizontal partitioning

client side managed; servers are not synchronized

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication, warm standby

since Version 14

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, with selectable consistency level

Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Strong Eventual Consistency over WAN with Conflict Resolution using Bridge Topology

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

depending on model

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

optimistic locking and pessimistic locking

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Write ahead log

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

simple rights management via user accounts and connection to external directory services

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Authentication to access the cache via Active Directory/LDAP (possible roles: user, administrator)

Role based authorization

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NCache has been the market leader in .NET Distributed Caching since 2005 . NCache...
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Competitive advantages

NCache is 100% .NET/ .NET Core based which fully supports ASP.NET Core Sessions ,...
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Typical application scenarios

NCache enables industries like retail, finance, banking IoT, travel, ecommerce, healthcare...
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Key customers

Bank of America, Citi, Natures Way, Charter Spectrum, Barclays, Henry Schein, GBM,...
» more

Market metrics

Market Leader in .NET Distributed Caching since 2005.
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NCache Open Source is free on an as-is basis without any support. NCache Enterprise...
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.