this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Relational DBMS

using the Octo plugin

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	45.20
Rank	#20	Overall
	#14	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Graph DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	0.21
Rank	#309	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Website

www.claris.com/filemaker

galaxybase.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

yottadb.com

Technical documentation

www.claris.com/resources/documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

yottadb.com/resources/documentation

Developer

Claris

a subsidiary of Apple

Chuanglin(Createlink) Technology Co., Ltd 浙江创邻科技有限公司

Microsoft

YottaDB, LLC

Initial release

1983

2017

2019

2001

Current release

19.4.1, November 2021

Nov 20, November 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL 3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

Server operating systems

iOS

client part only
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

hosted

Docker
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

A http query request can return the data in XML format

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

via plugins

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

by using the Octo plugin

APIs and other access methods

Filemaker WebDirect
JDBC
ODBC

Browser interface
console (shell)
Graph API (Gremlin)
OpenCypher
Proprietary native API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

PostgreSQL wire protocol

using the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

PHP

Go
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined procedures and functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication, warm standby

since Version 14

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

simple rights management via user accounts and connection to external directory services

Role-based access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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