DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. PostGIS vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. PostGIS vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	22.69
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

postgis.net

ravendb.net

www.stardog.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

postgis.net/documentation

ravendb.net/docs

docs.stardog.com

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

Elastic

Hibernating Rhinos

Stardog-Union

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2010

2005

2010

1998

Current release

8.6, January 2023

3.4.2, February 2024

5.4, July 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-like query language (RQL)

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Authorization levels configured per client per database

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017
2 January 2018, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database management systems
3 July 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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