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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J vs. TimesTen vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J vs. TimesTen vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelSearch engineGraph DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score128.79
Rank#8  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score42.68
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchneo4j.comrdf4j.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlneo4j.com/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.htmlvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperElasticNeo4j, Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Oracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20102007200419982005
Current release8.6, January 20235.23, August 2024Release 22.112.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercialcommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoRDF SchemasyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache LuceneyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenonoyesFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsyesPL/SQLyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infovia event handleryesnoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes using Neo4j Fabricnonenonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
ElasticsearchNeo4jRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTimesTenVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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