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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J vs. STSdb vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J vs. STSdb vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Key-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelSearch engineGraph DBMSRDF storeKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchneo4j.comrdf4j.orggithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlneo4j.com/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperElasticNeo4j, Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.STS Soft SC8Kdata
Initial release20102007200420112016
Current release8.6, January 20235.19, April 20244.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaJavaC#Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
WindowsAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoRDF Schemasyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenonono
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
.NET Client API
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
C#
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyesno
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infovia event handleryesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes using Neo4j FabricnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynonenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integration
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)nonoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
ElasticsearchNeo4jRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSTSdbToroDB
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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