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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Teradata vs. TerminusDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Teradata vs. TerminusDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#358  Overall
#36  Graph DBMS
#16  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.teradata.comterminusdb.comvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.teradata.comterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#velocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftTeradataDataChemist Ltd.VelocityDB Inc
Initial release20102019198420182011
Current release8.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releasesTeradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 201911.0.0, January 20237.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaProlog, RustC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Linux
LinuxAny that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexedyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsSQL-like query language (WOQL)no
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
.Net
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
JavaScript
Python
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyesno
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoHashingGraph PartitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Journaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
ElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTeradataTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVelocityDB
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