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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelSearch engineKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorertrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorertrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperElasticGoogleMicrosoftApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release2010201520192014
Current release8.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++, Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop ConnectoryesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ElasticsearchGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTrafodion
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