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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. FoundationDB vs. Spark SQL vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Elasticsearch vs. FoundationDB vs. Spark SQL vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbspark.apache.org/­sqltypedb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmltypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaElasticFoundationDBApache Software FoundationVaticle
Initial release20132010201320142016
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 20236.2.28, November 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20232.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagesupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java
Python
R
Scala
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesin SQL-layer onlynono
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyesnoneMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceES-Hadoop Connectornoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlynono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnonoyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchFoundationDBSpark SQLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaElasticsearchFoundationDBSpark SQLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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