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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtable
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databaseapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docs
DeveloperElasticGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014FoundationDBGoogle
Initial release2010201220132015
Current release8.6, January 20236.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenosupported in specific SQL layer onlyno
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'in SQL-layer onlyno
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks are triggered when data changesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Linearizable consistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlyno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDAtomic single-row operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
ElasticsearchFirebase Realtime DatabaseFoundationDBGoogle Cloud Bigtable
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