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DBMS > EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Tarantool vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Tarantool vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score7.36
Rank#53  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.exasol.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.tarantool.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.exasol.com/­resourcesfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestorecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.tarantool.io/­en/­docdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperExasolGoogleGoogleVKOpenLink Software
Initial release20002017201720081998
Current release2.10.0, May 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool EnterpriseOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedBSD
Linux
macOS
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Full-featured ANSI SQL supportyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methods.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocolADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
Lua
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud FunctionsnoLua, C and SQL stored proceduresyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes, with Cloud Functionsnoyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoHadoop integrationUsing Cloud Dataflowyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, cooperative multitaskingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, write ahead loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistenceyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
EXASOLGoogle Cloud FirestoreGoogle Cloud SpannerTarantoolVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
EXASOLGoogle Cloud FirestoreGoogle Cloud SpannerTarantoolVirtuoso
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