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DBMS > EXASOL vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison EXASOL vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.exasol.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.exasol.com/­resourcesapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperExasolFoundationDBThomas MuellerSymasMicrosoft
Initial release20002013200520112019
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20230.9.32, January 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methods.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJava
Lua
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoHadoop integrationnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlyyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
EXASOLFoundationDBH2LMDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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