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DBMS > EXASOL vs. Firebird vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. GraphDB

System Properties Comparison EXASOL vs. Firebird vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. GraphDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Websitewww.exasol.comwww.firebirdsql.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.ontotext.com
Technical documentationwww.exasol.com/­resourceswww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperExasolFirebird FoundationFoundationDBGoogleOntotext
Initial release20002000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase201320082000
Current release5.0.0, January 20246.2.28, November 202010.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C++Java
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyessupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like query language (GQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC
APIs and other access methods.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesJava
Lua
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsPSQLin SQL-layer onlyusing Google App Enginewell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility
TriggersyesyesnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoHadoop integrationnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoConstraint checking
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.
More information provided by the system vendor
EXASOLFirebirdFoundationDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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