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DBMS > DuckDB vs. RavenDB vs. Solr vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. RavenDB vs. Solr vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeSearch engineRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgravendb.netsolr.apache.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsravendb.net/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperHibernating RhinosApache Software FoundationApache Software FoundationStardog-Union
Initial release20182010200620142010
Current release0.10, February 20245.4, July 20229.6.0, April 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C#JavaScalaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (RQL)Solr Parallel SQL InterfaceSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesJava pluginsnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replicationyesnoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesspark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableoptimistic lockingnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseyesnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DuckDBRavenDBSolrSpark SQLStardog
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