DBMS > DuckDB vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A distributed reliable key-value store

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	7.05
Rank	#53	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.79
Rank	#212	Overall
	#100	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

duckdb.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.mcobject.com

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

McObject

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2018

2001

2004

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

3.4, August 2019

8.2, 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

server-less

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

by defining events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning / sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

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