DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TinkerGraph vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TinkerGraph vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

duckdb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Microsoft

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2018

1989

2009

2019

Current release

0.10, February 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

TinkerPop 3

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Groovy
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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