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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpatiaLite vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpatiaLite vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSpatial extension of SQLiteA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#341  Overall
#150  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmlwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftAlessandro FurieriTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release20182016198920081987
Current release0.10, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 20225.0.0, August 2020Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1commercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++C++C and C++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
Windows
server-lessFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanoyes
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerSpatiaLiteTransbase
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