DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.mireo.com/spacetime

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Microsoft

Mireo

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2018

2016

1989

2020

2014

Current release

0.10, February 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

C++

C++, Java

Server operating systems

server-less

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

yes

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
Java
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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