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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#341  Overall
#150  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release2018201619892014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1987
Current release0.10, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202210 R1, October 2018Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++CC and C++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
Windows
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functionsyes
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoMVCCyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgres-XLTransbase
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