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DBMS > DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Pinecone vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Pinecone vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA managed, cloud-native vector databaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeVector DBMSRDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.23
Rank#92  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.pinecone.iordf4j.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGooglePinecone Systems, IncSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2018201120192004
Current release1.0.0, June 20241.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsserver-lessIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoString, Number, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnonono
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
PythonJava
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes
Triggersnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonono

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More resources
DuckDBLevelDBPineconeRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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