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DBMS > DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SAP Advantage Database Server vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SAP Advantage Database Server vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
SAP Advantage Database Server seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformLow-cost RDBMS with access to ISAM and FoxPro data structuresSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.sap.com/products/advantage-database-server.htmlwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSybase, SAPAlessandro Furieri
Initial release20182011201919932008
Current release0.10, February 20241.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases5.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lessIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Delphi
Perl
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesno
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication infoCONFLICT Trigger to resolve replication conflicts
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono infocaching of (temporary) tables can be configuredyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADSSpatiaLite
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