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DBMS > DuckDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingFully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.leanxcale.comwww.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperLeanXcaleDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release20182015200320192010
Current release1.0.0, June 20241.6.27, May 2024cloud service with continuous releases7.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD licensecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infothrough Apache DerbynoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Proprietary protocolMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DuckDBLeanXcaleMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStardog
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