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DBMS > DuckDB vs. LMDB vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LMDB vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdborientdb.orgrdf4j.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperSymasOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2018201120102004
Current release1.0.0, June 20240.9.32, January 20243.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava, Javascriptyes
TriggersnonoHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableno

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More resources
DuckDBLMDBOrientDBRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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