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DBMS > DuckDB vs. KeyDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. KeyDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score0.63
Rank#232  Overall
#32  Key-value stores
Score0.22
Rank#306  Overall
#138  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score0.87
Rank#201  Overall
#94  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
google.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.keydb.devgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.GoogleMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20182019201420192013
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.1.12, February 2017cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaScriptC++
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinuxserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safarihostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoby using the Redis Search moduleyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoLuanoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
TriggersnonoUsing read-only observersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsACIDnoACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes infousing MemoryDBnoyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlnosimple password-based access control and ACLnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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More resources
DuckDBKeyDBLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDB
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