DBMS > DuckDB vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Transbase

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.17
Rank	#334	Overall
	#148	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Google

Transaction Software GmbH

Initial release

2018

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2011

1987

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

11.2, May 2022

1.23, February 2021

Transbase 8.3, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

free development license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

server-less

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Ingres Replicator

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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