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DBMS > DuckDB vs. IRONdb vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. IRONdb vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingFully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/www.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikidocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperCirconus LLC.Danga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release20182017200320192010
Current release1.0.0, June 2024V0.10.20, January 20181.6.27, May 2024cloud service with continuous releases7.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD licensecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++CJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnonoall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP APIProprietary protocolMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, in LuanoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneAutomatic, metric affinity per nodenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awarenone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DuckDBIRONdbMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStardog
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